The New York Police Department - 945 Words

In the beginning of the 1990s, New York City was filled with violent crime. In the events of recent police shootings, citizens could not help but fear the possibility of the city going back to how it was during the 1990s and earlier violent era times. However, recent studies and reports have indicated that the city has never been as dangerous and violent as it was in earlier times. As by 2015, a modest decrease in the rate of serious reported crimes was noteworthy. Reports by the New York Police Department (NYPD), have indicated a 2 percent decline in major felony crimes such as rape, murder, serious assault, robbery, grand larceny, burglary, and car theft in recent times. the reports also indicate a drop in the arrests by police officers. In the end of 2015, the arrests were down 13% to 333,115 from 384,770 over the same period the year before. The number of reported criminal summonses also dropped to 292,372 from 358,948 over the same period. (History of the Federal Judiciary, 201 6) Generally, high rates of crime in the city were attributed to various factors that include high levels of unemployment, unplanned pregnancies, low minimum wage and police brutality. (10 (Not Entirely Crazy) Theories Explaining the Great Crime Decline, 2016) Consequently, law enforcement stakeholders attribute the New York City’s crime reduction to the implementation of particular get tough policies during former Mayor Rudolf Giuliani’s tenure. One of his most prominent systems was theShow MoreRelatedThe New York Police Department1733 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitution. But what are the citizens supposed to do when these two fundamental philosophies suddenly are set in opposition with each other? In New York, the stop-and-frisk law is designed to protect its citizens, and yet it is taking away their constitutional rights. Although in some instances this method is deemed legal, the New York Police Department has adapted the process into one that stems from criminal profil ing. Thus, the two ideologies clash in their views. The right-wing emphasizes howRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1761 Words   |  8 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreA New York Police Department983 Words   |  4 Pagesstation in New York City. Her purse is slung over her shoulder as she reads the railway map. A thief approaches her from behind and snatches the leather handle of her purse from her grip. He dashes away as she helplessly watches him go. The woman does not call the police or even ask passersby for help. She knows no one will come to her aid, especially not the NYPD. Such a scenario is shocking and not a little discomforting, especially when placed in the jurisdiction of the nationally acclaimed New YorkRead MoreThe New York Police Department1510 Words   |  7 Pagesand what kind of new technologies are going to be attached to them to ensure police are doing the best job that they can? What about the weapons? Could we be seeing robot cops patrolling our streets any time soon? There are many things the future of policing has in store. Many police departments around the United States have moved from the old run of the mill cars, to fancy cars like Dodge Chargers and Hummers with all the bells and whistles. In fact, The New York Police Department is now workingRead MoreThe New York Police Department1895 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This critical analysis details the actions of the New York Police Department, during the event of 911, which took place in New York City on September 11, 2001. This information will give insight on what occurred that day and explore what the New York Police Department did in response to the attack. The information is expected to lead to discussion of the problems that the criminal justice agency had, during the 911 attack and what could have been done to make them more effective. This analysisRead MoreThe New York Police Department1275 Words   |  6 PagesIn August 2013, Federal Judge Shira Scheindlin ruled that the stop-and-frisk techniques utilized by the New York Police Department (NYPD) violated the constitutional rights of minorities (Stanley). In her ruling, Judge Scheindlin admonished members of the NYPD for stopping people without any articulable reasonable suspicion or probable cause. Judge Scheindlin further opined that the majority of those stopped were males and from a minority population. In her 195-page ruling, Judge Scheindlin orderedRead MoreAn Argument For The New York Police Department1618 Words   |  7 PagesAn Argument for The New York Police Department New York Police Department and abbreviated NYPD, is a police state belonging to the city of New York. New York Police specialize in the most important issues in American history by searching for the killer and the dimensions of the drug phenomenon and the fight against terrorism and chase the criminals and invalidate booby-traps, New York Police Department was founded in 1845. It is the largest police force in the United States, which has key responsibilitiesRead MoreThe New York s Police Department1432 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience differ criminal activities within their jurisdiction. For example, New York’s Police Department would be heavily investigating criminally funded Organized Crime Enterprises, whereas, the Seattle Police Department would have a larger interest in the broad category of violent crime enforcement associated with Domestic Violence. Covering 3.79 million square miles, law enforcement from coast to coast will develop their department in which best serv es their targeted criminal behaviors. What is evidentRead MoreThe New York City Police Department Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth of violent crime reached its all-time high in New York City. In response to the number of high murder rates in the 1990s, the New York City Police Department realized that their efforts to reduce crime were ineffective. The local news reported that New Yorkers were afraid to wear their jewelry in public. Some reported they had to sprint to the subway exit to avoid victimization when the door opened. The New York City Police Department decided to implement a practice of Stop, Question, andRead MoreThe New York City Police Department3455 Words   |  14 PagesHandouts 1-5 University Of Laverne Ali Mohammed Alahbabi Suzanne Beaumaster, Ph.D. Handout (1) Name of the Organization The name of the organization is the New York City police department popularly known as the NYPD. Your position in the organization None, I do not work at NYPD. Field: what do they produce/do? Naturally, the police department must strive to maintain law and order among the citizens of its locale. This means they have to act out against criminals and criminal activities. Criminal

Analysis Of The Community Is Anomic, By Kirst Ashman

Watts Community is anomic, According to Kirst-Ashman (2014) anomic refers to a failed community which is dysfunctional and provides little social support. An anomic community has not or does not take advantage of outside linkages; there is no sense of belonging to the community. Some conditions that illustrate the Watts neighborhood is anomic are the residents of the community live in fear and do not trust each other. The community fails to address persistent problems poverty, unemployment, and lack of financial resources for education. Also, the community was alienated and isolated from interacting with other sections of the city. They lived in poor housing conditions. Gangs, guns, crime, destruction, and drugs surrounded the neighborhood. There was no investment in the schools or the children of the community. The community was not in harmony with each other. Through stratification, political discrimination occurred, based on their wealth and social, economic status. Residents of the city lacked purpose which brought on depression. There is no identity among the citizens. Oppression, discrimination, and unjust treatment are just a few issues that plagued the community. Researchers Williams and Kristin (2010) states historically, trauma is the result of stressful events that overwhelms an individual ability to cope with stressors and life events. African Americans suffered from multiple injuries as a result of slavery, racism, and discrimination. Community is

Pathophysiology of Asthma †Essay Free Essays

Exam Case Scenario Pathophysiology of Asthma Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by episodes in which the bronchioles constrict due to oversensitivity. In asthma, the airways (bronchioles) constrict making it difficult to get air in or out of the lungs. Breathlessness is the main symptom. We will write a custom essay sample on Pathophysiology of Asthma – Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bronchi and bronchioles become inflamed and constricted. Asthmatics usually react to triggers. Triggers are substances and situations that would not normally trouble an asthma free person. Asthma is either extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic is when the inflammation in the airway is a result of hypersensitivity reactions associated with allergy (food or pollen). Intrinsic asthma is linked to hyper responsive reactions to other forms of stimuli like infection. Or they can have a combination of both. The bronchi and bronchioles contain smooth muscle and are lined with mucus-secreting glands (goblet cells) and ciliated cells (push the mucus towards the throat). Next to the airways blood supply there are lots of mast cells. Once they become stimulated the mast cells release a number of cytokines (chemical messengers), which cause physiological changes to the lining of the bronchi and bronchioles. Three such protein cytokines are histamine, kinins and prostaglandins (leukotrienes) which cause smooth muscle contraction, increased mucus production and capillary permeability. The airways soon narrow and become flooded with mucus and fluid leaking from the blood vessels. Airflow becomes obstructed resulting in a wheeze. As the airways become obstructed the patient will become fatigue and their respiratory effort becomes weak and inadequate causing hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Airway – Assess the airway. If the patient is talking this means they have a patent (clear) airway therefore they are breathing and have brain perfusion. Look and listen for signs of airway obstruction. A partial obstruction is often noisy, and in complete airway obstruction there are no breath sounds. Maintain and monitor the airway and report any changes. If the airway does become compromised suction or sit the patient up. If the patient’s level of conscious has altered carry out the head tilt and chin lift. If you have had airway management training insert an oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway. Breathing – Count the respiratory rate over 1 minute. The normal range is between 14 – 20 resps per min. A high respiratory rate (tachypnoea) indicates that the patient is unwell and that the patient is struggling to breath. Evaluate the rate, rhythm and depth of the breathing. Make sure the patient’s chest is moving equally on both sides (symmetrical), if not this could indicate a pneumothorax. Observe to see if the patient is using his or hers accessory muscle to breath (if the patient feels they are having difficulty getting enough oxygen, their body begins to clench these muscles every time they breath in an attempt to acquire more air) as this could be a sign of respiratory distress. Monitor the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) using a pulse oximeter. A low SpO2 reading can indicate that the patient is in respiratory distress. Give oxygen as prescribed using a venturi mask. Check the colour of the patient’s lips and tongue, central cyanosis indicates lack of oxygen to the skin. Listen to the patients breathing, breath sounds are normally quite. Any abnormal sounds such as wheezing suggest that there could be a fluid build up in the lungs. Circulation – Palpate the radial pulse, assessing for the rate, quality and rhythm. The normal range for this is between 60-100 beats per min. An elevated pulse rate can be due to the patient being in pain, anxiety or a sign of an infection. Take the patient’s blood pressure and insure that this is within the normal range (100/60 – 140/90 mmHg). Look at the patient’s colour in their hands and fingers, and check if the patient feels warm or cool. Measure the capillary refill time (CRT). Apply pressure to a fingertip, held at a level of the heart, for 5 seconds so that the skin becomes blanched and then release. Measure how long it takes for the colour to return. The normal capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds, anything over indicates reduced skin perfusion. Ask the patient if they have any chest pain, if so begin a ECG monitoring. Take the patients temperature. The normal range for this is 36-37. 5 degrees Celsius. A high temperature can be a sign of infection. The doctor may also like to re-take the patient’s Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) because previous results showed respiratory acidosis. Disability – Assessment of disability involves evaluating the patient’s central nervous system function. Assess the patient’s level of consciousness using the AVPU scale. Talk to the patient if they are alert and talking they are classified as A. If the patient is not fully awake establish whether they respond to the sound of your voice (opening their eyes, making any sounds) if they do they are classified as V. If the patient does not respond to voice administer a painful stimulus (gently rubbing the sternum bone). If they respond they are a P on the AVPU scale. And finally if they do not respond to any of the above they are a U, you should then move onto the more detailed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). You will assess the patient’s pupils (eyes) and motor responses (arms and legs) among other things to give the patient a score out of 15 (15 being the highest). A GCS of fewer than 8 is a medical emergency and you would then have to go back to assessing the patient’s airway. Exposure – It may be necessary to undress the patient, taking care to maintain their dignity at all time, in order to undertake a thorough head to toe check, looking out for any signs of DVT, sores or rashes. Always gain consent before any procedure so always keep the patient informed of what it is you are doing. Reassure the patient to reduce anxiety and try to make them as comfortable as possible. Ask the patient if they are in any pain and get the doctor to prescribe an appropriate analgesia. If the doctor has prescribed the patient antibiotics ensure that blood cultures are done prior to giving the patient their antibiotics, this will give an accurate result from the lab. Give the patient any other due medication making sure to ask if they have any known allergies. Regular peak flows should be done on the patient pre and post medication, this will tell us if the medication being given to the patient is working or not. Spirometry test will show how well the patient breathes in and out and it is also used to monitor the severity of some lung conditions, and their response to treatment. Take a mid stream urine sample from the patient and dip stick, depending on the results send down to the lab. The doctor might also want a chest x ray from the patient. Complete all the relevant risk assessment such as the Waterlow score (patients are classified according to their risk of developing a pressure sore), the MUST score (screening tool to identify adults who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition), falls risk assessment (what the chances are of the patient falling) and Moving and Handling (if the nurses are required to use any equipment on the patient). And the patient’s hygiene needs must be assessed and if necessary an appropriate nursing plan must be put into place. Start the patient on a fluid chart, making sure to write down any IV fluids that they have. The cannula site must be checked and the patient must have a VIP score to make sure there are no signs of phlebitis. A sputum sample must also be collected and sent to the lab. Carry out a blood glucose test to ensure that the patient’s blood glucose levels are within normal ranges (4-7 mmol/l). A referral should be made to the respiratory nurse who will provide support to patients who suffer from chronic respiratory diseases. Give patient advice to avoid any triggers that they are aware of, advice on medication and if relevant give advice on smoking cessation. Symbicort combination inhaler containing budesonide and formoterol Inhalers are used to deliver drugs to relieve or prevent the symptoms of asthma. Budesonide – Corticosteroid drug used in an inhaler to prevent attacks of asthma but will not stop an existing attack. Budesonide is used by patients whose asthma is not controlled by bronchodilators alone. Budesonide controls symptoms by reducing inflammation in the swollen inner layers of the airways. By suppressing airway inflammation they reduce the swelling (oedema) inside the bronchioles. There are fewer side effects to the drug when inhaled because it is absorbed by the body in much smaller quantities than when it is taken orally. Budesonide is usually taken twice a day and normally lasts between 12 to 24 hours. Asthma prevention is the condition for which prolonged use may be required. There may be a small risk of glaucoma, cataracts, and effects on bone with high doses inhaled for a prolonged period. Side effects include a cough, sore throat Formoterol – Bronchodilator’s are prescribed to widen the bronchioles and improve breathing. Bronchodilator drugs act by relaxing the muscles surrounding the bronchioles. Formoterol is from the sympathomimetic group which is mainly used for the rapid relief of breathlessness. Sympathomimetic drugs interfere with nerve signals passed to the muscle through the autonomic nervous system. Because sympathomimetic drugs stimulate a branch of the autonomic nervous system that controls the heart rate, the patient may sometimes feel palpitations or trembling. People with heart problems, high blood pressure or an overactive thyroid gland will have to be extra cautious. Salbutamol inhaler/nebuliser Salbutamol is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator that relaxes the muscle surrounding the bronchioles. It is used to relieve symptoms of asthma. Inhalation is considered more effective because the drug is delivered directly to the bronchioles, thus giving rapid relief, allowing smaller doses and causing fewer side effects. Compared to some similar drugs it has little stimulant effect on the heart rate and blood pressure, making it safer for people with heart problems. Salbutamol is usually taken 1-2 inhalations 3-4 times a day, usually starts working within 5-15 min and can last up to 6 hours. The most common side effect of salbutamol is fine tremor of the hands also anxiety, tension and restlessness may occur. Prednisolone A powerful corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and suppress allergic reactions and immune system activity. Corticosteroid drugs reduce inflammation by blocking the action of chemicals called prostaglandins that are responsible for triggering the inflammatory response. These drugs also temporarily depress the immune system by reducing the activity of certain types of white blood cell. Because corticosteroids suppress the immune system, they increase susceptibility to infection. They also suppress symptoms of infectious disease. IV Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid used in the treatment of a variety of allergic and inflammatory conditions. Hydrocortisone is chemically identical to the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands. Prolonged high dosage may cause diabetes, glaucoma, fragile bones and thin skin. Aminophylline Aminophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat bronchospasm (constriction of the air passages) in patients suffering from asthma. It can be used to treat acute attacks. Slow-release formulations of the drugs produce beneficial effects lasting for up to 12 hours, they are also useful taken at night to prevent night-time asthma and early morning wheezing. Side effects are headaches and nausea. Smoking and alcohol increase excretion of xanthines from the body, reducing their effects. How to cite Pathophysiology of Asthma – Essay, Essay examples

Le Chene et Le Roseau Essay Example For Students

Le Chene et Le Roseau Essay Le Chne Et Le Roseau, a poem by Jean de La Fontaine, shows the contrast of the characters while moralizing about hidden strengths that are often overlooked or belittled. In this poem, the oak is personified as having a stubborn sense of strength, while the humble reed is represented as possessing the qualities of endurance, flexibility, and hidden strength. Fontaine teaches the reader his lesson through the use of nature by having the oak and the reed converse about their strengths. In the end the reed proves his point when the north wind uproots the oak, leaving it to die. The theme of Le Chne Et Le Roseau is a universal one, easily recognized and understood by all. The poems central idea is that strength is not necessarily size and power, but in adaptability, endurance, and flexibility. Fontaine illustrates the theme well in these lines: Larbre tient bon; le roseau plie. Le vent redouble ses efforts, et fait si bien quil dracine celui The poet further develops the theme with a moral which implies that humility is more important than pride. Fontaine places most emphasis on idea to help develop this moral. In the end, the pompous oaks strength is his weakness, while the humble reeds suppleness is his fortitude. Jean de La Fontaine develops well the poems mood, one of pity, compassion, and respect, through sensory images and descriptions of the characters. These lines: Un roitelet pour vous est un pesant fardeau; and Le moindre vent qui daventure fait rider la face de leau, vous oblige baisser la tte; , as well as La nature vous me semble bien injuste. illustrate the sentimental atmosphere of pity that the reader feels for the reeds struggle against relatively small difficulties. Although Fontaine succeeds in creating this sympathetic mood, this line: Vous avez bien sujet daccuser la nature; detracts from the intended mood because one does not feel sorry for someone that accuses and complains. Jean de La Fontaine uses examples of personification, imagery, similes, allusions, and symbolism to create a deeper meaning of the poem and to the emphasize the theme. Le chne un jour dit au roseau: is an example of personification that Fontaine uses throughout the poem. He personifies the oak and the reed as humans having a conversation. These lines: Le moindre vent qui daventure fait rider la face de leau, vous oblige baisser la tte; show imagery and personification. The image that Fontaine creates, the rippling of the water, is one that the reader can visualize, while the lowering of the head represents a person bowing his head. This line: Cependant que mon front, au Caucase pareil, contains a simile and an allusion. The simile is the comparison of the forehead to the Caucasus Mountains, while the allusion is the Greek mythologys Caucasus Mountains, which represent strength, fortitude, and perhaps danger. Des royaumes du vent is an allusion to the kingdom of the Greek wind god Aeo lus who usually stirred up strong winds. Lempire des morts is also an allusion to the kingdom of Hades, which was the Greek underworld, representing the death of the oak. This poem expresses irony when the reed is troubled by simple burdens, but the reed is able to withstand difficult predicaments. The oak is symbolized as power, pride, and a false sense of strength, while the reed represents endurance, flexibility, and strength from within. Moreover, the wind is pictured as hardships, challenges, and tests. Fontaine uses logical sequence in developing the characters of the oak and the reed. At first, the reader only sees them as trees, but he soon learns through the oak that the reed appears weak and defenseless, and that the strong oak wishes to shelter and protect the reed. The reader next learns that the reed is confident and not afraid of impending dangers, because he bends and does not break. Then the terrible winds come and uproot the oak, while the small reed survives. Thus, the reader understands that size is not as important as flexibility. .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .postImageUrl , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:hover , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:visited , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:active { border:0!important; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:active , .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546 .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9216aca402e880be6659e678ac00546:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Affirmative Action: Solution Or Confusion? EssayFontaine writes Le Chne Et Le Roseau as a narrative, didactic, and descriptive poem with an irregular number of syllables. It is narrative and didactic because he teaches a moral and tells a story through the use of nature with which he is intimately acquainted. The poems descriptive words vividly contrast the reed and the oak. The narrative aspect of the poem has realistic dialogue which advances the plot and the traits of the characters. Fontaines style of simplicity contributes to the easy understanding of this interesting poem. Le Chne Et Le Roseau teaches a lasting lesson about human nature: the pompous oak is outlasted by a confident reed. This poem adds to ones understanding of the world by demonstrating that the weak can survive, while the strong can die. Bibliography: